@zacbir made a canvas type module that was cross platform
https://github.com/zacbir/geometriq
Examples are here (though looks like he later renamed geometer to geometriq, you you might need to change the imports)
https://github.com/zacbir/geometer_scripts
I believe this worked with pythonista, MacOS Cairo, maybe pillow and a few others. You'll have to look at what backends you have available on your platform. I think he has some minimal support for svg, but not sure.
If you are looking for other non-python libraries, p5js is easy to learn, and is what the Khan Academy JavaScript course is based on
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-programming/programming
This is a similar canvas type idea, geared towards animation. You can use the Khan framework for creating your own projects from scratch (you don't have to just do the lessons)